TURKEY TAIL - (TRAMETES VERSICOLOR)

General

• RESEARCH REVIEW: A review of research on the protein-bound polysaccharide (polysaccharopeptide, PSP) from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor (Basidiomycetes: Polyporaceae) Gen Pharmcol. 1998 Jan;30(1):1-4. doi: 10.1016/s0306-3623(97)00076-1. T B Ng
• RESEARCH REVIEW: Hobbs, Christopher. (2004). Medicinal Value of Turkey Tail Fungus Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilat (Aphyllophoromycetideae). A Literature Review. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms - INT J MED MUSHROOMS. 6. 195-218. 10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v6.i3.10. 
• LITERATURE REVIEW: Medicinal Value of Turkey Tail Fungus Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilát (Aphyllophoromycetideae). A Literature Review - Christopher R. HobbsInstitute for Natural Products Research, Davis, California, USA International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, Vol. 6, pp. 195–218 (2004)

Antioxidants & DNA Damage

• ANTIOXIDANT: Rašeta M, Popović M, Knežević P, Šibul F, Kaišarević S, Karaman M. Bioactive Phenolic Compounds of Two Medicinal Mushroom Species Trametes versicolor and Stereum subtomentosum as Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Agents. Chem Biodivers. 2020 Dec;17(12):e2000683. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202000683. Epub 2020 Nov 17. PMID: 33058392. 

Auto-Immune Disease & Tumors

• INTEGRATIVE ONCOLOGY: Guggenheim, A. G., Wright, K. M., & Zwickey, H. L. (2014). Immune Modulation From Five Major Mushrooms: Application to Integrative Oncology. Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 13(1), 32–44.
• CANCER: Habtemariam S. Trametes versicolor (Synn. Coriolus versicolor) Polysaccharides in Cancer Therapy: Targets and Efficacy. Biomedicines. 2020 May 25;8(5):135. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8050135. PMID: 32466253; PMCID: PMC7277906. 
• CANCER: PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board. Medicinal Mushrooms (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2022 Jul 29. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002
• CANCER: FDA Approves Bastyr Turkey Tail Trial for Cancer Patients https://bastyr.edu/news/general-news/2012/11/fda-approves-bastyr-turkey-tail-trial-cancer-patients
• CANCER: Habtemariam S. Trametes versicolor (Synn. Coriolus versicolor) Polysaccharides in Cancer Therapy: Targets and Efficacy. Biomedicines. 2020 May 25;8(5):135. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8050135. PMID: 32466253; PMCID: PMC7277906.
• CANCER: National Cancer Institute – Medicinal Mushrooms (Physician Data Query) https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/mushrooms-pdq
• LUNG CANCER: Fritz H, Kennedy DA, Ishii M, Fergusson D, Fernandes R, Cooley K, Seely D. Polysaccharide K and Coriolus versicolor extracts for lung cancer: a systematic review. Integr Cancer Ther. 2015 May;14(3):201-11. doi: 10.1177/1534735415572883. Epub 2015 Mar 17. PMID: 25784670.
• BREAST CANCER: Standish LJ, Wenner CA, Sweet ES, et al. Trametes versicolor mushroom immune therapy in breast cancer. J Soc Integr Oncol. 2008;6(3):122-128.
• ANTI-TUMOR: Polysaccharide krestin is a novel TLR2 agonist that mediates inhibition of tumor growth via stimulation of CD8 T cells and NK cells. 2011 Jan 1;17(1):67-76. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1763.Epub 2010 Nov 10.
• ANTI-TUMOR: Kenneth Quayle, Catherine Coy, Leanna Standish, Hailing Lu. (2014, December 16). The TLR2 agonist in polysaccharide-K is a structurally distinct lipid which acts synergistically with the protein-bound β-glucan. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11418-014-0879-z
• ANTI-TUMOR: Kenneth Quayle, Catherine Coy, Leanna Standish, Hailing Lu. (2014, December 16). The TLR2 agonist in polysaccharide-K is a structurally distinct lipid which acts synergistically with the protein-bound β-glucan. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11418-014-0879-z

• IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTION: Guggenheim AG, Wright KM, Zwickey HL. Immune Modulation From Five Major Mushrooms: Application to Integrative Oncology. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2014 Feb;13(1):32-44. PMID: 26770080; PMCID: PMC4684115.

Inflammation & Arthritis

• IMMUNOMODULATION: Kathleen F. Benson, Paul Stamets, Renee Davis, Regan Nally, Alex Taylor, Sonya Slater & Gitte S. Jensen, K. (2019, December 2). The mycelium of the Trametes versicolor (Turkey tail) mushroom and its fermented substrate each show potent and complementary immune activating properties in vitro - BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. BioMed Central. https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-019-2681-7
• ANTI-INFLAMMATORY: Li Y, Yao J, Han C, Yang J, Chaudhry MT, Wang S, Liu H, Yin Y. Quercetin, Inflammation and Immunity. Nutrients. 2016 Mar 15;8(3):167. doi: 10.3390/nu8030167. PMID: 26999194; PMCID: PMC4808895. 
• ANTI-INFLAMMATORY: Pérez-Cano FJ, Castell M. Flavonoids, Inflammation and Immune System. Nutrients. 2016 Oct 21;8(10):659. doi: 10.3390/nu8100659. PMID: 27775647; PMCID: PMC5084045.

Liver Disease

• LIVER DISEASE: Kang-Le Wang, Zhen-Ming Lu, Xiangjunzhi Mao, Lu Chen, Jin-Song Gong, Yilin Ren, Yan Geng, Heng Li, Hong-Yu Xu, Guo-Hua Xu, Jin-Song Shi, Zheng-Hong Xu. (2019, September 15). Structural characterization and anti-alcoholic liver injury activity of a polysaccharide from Coriolus versicolor mycelia. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S014181301836834X?via%3Dihub

Microbiome

• GUT HEALTH: Xiaotong Yang, Toufic Kabbani, Joshua Hansen, Melinda Dennis, Daniel A Leffler, David S Newburg, Ciarán P Kelly. (2014, July 11). Effects of polysaccharopeptide from Trametes Versicolor and amoxicillin on the gut microbiome of healthy volunteers. Taylor & Francis. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/gmic.29558
• MICROBIOME: Pallav K, Dowd SE, Villafuerte J, Yang X, Kabbani T, Hansen J, Dennis M, Leffler DA, Newburg DS, Kelly CP. Effects of polysaccharopeptide from Trametes versicolor and amoxicillin on the gut microbiome of healthy volunteers: a randomized clinical trial. Gut Microbes. 2014 Jul 1;5(4):458-67. doi: 10.4161/gmic.29558. Epub 2014 Jul 9. PMID: 25006989.

Viral Infections

• ANTIBACTERIAL: Shao-Hua Shi, Wen-Tao Yang, Ke-Yan Huang, Yan-Long Jiang, Gui-Lian Yang, Chun-Feng Wang, Yu Li. (2016, May). β-glucans from Coriolus versicolor protect mice against S. typhimurium challenge by activation of macrophages. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0141813016300605?via%3Dihub
• ANTIBACTERIAL: Danka Matijašević, Milena Pantić, Božidar Rašković, Vladimir Pavlović, Dunja Duvnjak, Aleksandra Sknepnek, And Miomir Nikšić, D. (2016, August 4). The Antibacterial Activity of Coriolus versicolor Methanol Extract and Its Effect on Ultrastructural Changes of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Enteritidis. Frontiers. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01226/full
• SALMONELLA PROTECTION: Shao-Hua Shi, Wen-Tao Yang, Ke-Yan Huang, Yan-Long Jiang, Gui-Lian Yang, Chun-Feng Wang, Yu Li. β-glucans from Coriolus versicolor protect mice against S. typhimurium challenge by activation of macrophages. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 86, 2016, Pages 352-361. ISSN 0141-8130.
• COVID: Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Kujawowicz K, Witkowska AM. Beta-Glucans from Fungi: Biological and Health-Promoting Potential in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era. Nutrients. 2021 Nov 6;13(11):3960. doi: 10.3390/nu13113960. PMID: 34836215; PMCID: PMC8623785. 

Weight Management

• ANTI-OBESITY: Xiaojun Li, Peng Chen, Peng Zhang, Yifan Chang, Mingxu Cui, Jinyou Duan. (2019, January 22). Protein-Bound β-glucan from Coriolus Versicolor has Potential for Use Against Obesity. Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mnfr.201801231